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Intelligence Analysis: A Philosophical Introduction
[[Intelligence Analysis: A Crash Course]]
'''
Special Topic PHI 589
Special Topic PHI 589


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== '''The Course''' ==
== '''The Course''' ==
'''Course Description:''' The aim of the course is to provide a philosophical introduction to intelligence analysis. This will involve applying the methods of philosophy to a range of topics including: the cognitive processes involved in intelligence analyst, the different types of evidence, the goals of intelligence analysis, statistical aspects of analytic reasoning, analytic reasong and deep learning. Philosophical methods employed will include those of epistemology, social ontology, cognitive ontology, and the philosophy of computing and information.  
'''Course Description:''' The aim of the course is to provide a philosophical introduction to intelligence analysis. We will apply the methods of philosophy to a range of topics including: the nature and goals of intelligence analysis; the cognitive processes involved; the different types of evidence used; statistical aspects of analytic reasoning; the role of AI and other forms of computer support. Philosophical methods employed will include those of epistemology, social ontology, cognitive ontology, and the philosophy of computing and information.  


'''Course Structure:''' This will be a three credit hour graduate seminar. Components of each three-hour seminar will be incorporated into a series of on-line videos. The final session will be structured around youtube videos created by the students in the class.
'''Course Structure:''' This is a three credit hour graduate seminar. Components of each three-hour seminar will be incorporated into a series of on-line videos. The final session will be structured around youtube videos created by the students in the class. The course will also feature a practical component in which students will be trained in the basic cognitive tools of intelligence analysis.


'''Background Reading:''' Robert Arp, Barry Smith and Andrew Spear, [https://mitpress.mit.edu/index.php?q=books/building-ontologies-basic-formal-ontology Building Ontologies with Basic Formal Ontology], Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, August 2015.  
'''Intelligence Analysis in Buffalo''': UB scientists are involved in a variety of projects in which intelligence analysis plays a role, and some of theintelligence community collaborators in these projects will be involved in the teaching.
 
=='''Reading'''==
Robert Arp, Barry Smith and Andrew Spear, [https://mitpress.mit.edu/index.php?q=books/building-ontologies-basic-formal-ontology Building Ontologies with Basic Formal Ontology], Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, August 2015.  


Jobst Landgrebe and Barry Smith, "[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.02918.pdf Making AI Meaningful Again]", ''arXiv'', 2019.
Jobst Landgrebe and Barry Smith, "[https://arxiv.org/pdf/1901.02918.pdf Making AI Meaningful Again]", ''arXiv'', 2019.


'''Intelligence Analysis in Buffalo''': UB scientists are involved in a variety of projects in which intelligence analysis plays a role.
Barry Smith, Tatiana Malyuta, David Salmen, William Mandrick, Kesny Parent, Shouvik Bardhan, Jamie Johnson, "[http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/Crosstalk-Nov2012.pdf Ontology for the Intelligence Analyst]", ''CrossTalk: The Journal of Defense Software Engineering'', November/December 2012, 18-25.
'''Schedule:'''
==August 26: Introduction to Intelligence Analysis==


==September 2: Labor Day – No class==
Terry Janssen, Herbert Basik, Mike Dean, Barry Smith, "[http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/Semantic_Reasoning_Framework.pdf A Multi-INT Semantic Reasoning Framework for Intelligence Analysis Support]", in: L. Obrst, T. Janssen, W. Ceusters (eds.), Ontologies and Semantic Technologies for the Intelligence Community (Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications), Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2010, 57-69.


==September 9 Basic Formal Ontology==
David Salmen, Tatiana Malyuta, Alan Hansen, Shaun Cronen, Barry Smith, [http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/STIDS_2011.pdf Integration of Intelligence Data through Semantic Enhancement]", Proceedings of the Conference on Semantic Technology in Intelligence, Defense and Security (STIDS), George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, November 16-17, 2011, CEUR, Vol. 808, 6-13.


==September 16: Ontology and Information Engineering in the Healthcare Domain==
Barry Smith, Tatiana Malyuta, William S. Mandrick, Chia Fu, Kesny Parent, Milan Patel, "http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/Horizontal-integration.pdf Horizontal Integration of Warfighter Intelligence Data. A Shared Semantic Resource for the Intelligence Community", Proceedings of the Conference on Semantic Technology in Intelligence, Defense and Security (STIDS), George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, October 23-25, 2012, CEUR 996, 112-119.


:Ontology look-alikes
'''Schedule:'''
:Use of ontology and look-alikes in biomedical applications
:BFO as benchmark for biomedical Information Engineering (IE)


[http://www.referent-tracking.com/RTU/files/BMI508-PHI598-20180917-Ontology-and-Healthcare-IE-covered.pptx Slides]
==August 26: Why the next world war will be fought on the internet==


Second class assignment: Summarize in a 2-page essay the problems discussed in ([https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3912703/ SW Smith and Koppel, 2014]) and describe how Basic Formal Ontology can assist in dealing solving them
==September 2: Labor Day – No class==


Advance reading (prior to October 1 lecture): [https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/134023/ Merelli, ''et al'', 2014]
==September 9 The Intelligence Process ==


==September 23: Ontology of Disease==
==September 16: Intelligence Documents==


:Disease from the clinician’s perspective,
From speech acts to document acts
:Ontological approaches to disease,
:The [http://www.ontobee.org/ontology/ogms Ontology for General Medical Science]
 
[http://www.referent-tracking.com/RTU/files/BMI508-PHI598-20180924-Ontology-of-Disease.pptx Slides]
 
Third class assignment: Summarize in a 2-page essay the issues discussed in pages 16-21 of [https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-080917-013459 Haendel ''et. al.'', 2018] and describe how the framework offered by [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3041577/ Scheuermann, Ceusters and Smith, 2009] might resolve them.
 
Advance reading (prior to September 17 lecture): Chapters 5 and 6 of Arp, Smith and Spear, 2016
 
==September 30: Disease / Aging / Ontology Building ==
 
Ontology of Disease (Continued)
 
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/e19121ir7g10uvkpmgjp881qu8t6s8rk Slides]
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/pwsqct5xmjlave0ivhhn8c3sborqp2s5 Video]
 
Ontology of Aging
 
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/1pg9hjg8qurqrovtvjfl38nilheyqq4u Slides]
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/0omqle9eq4upir02owjxbyyk18jkdsmh Video]
 
Ontology Building
 
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/w2is3tp3h0ef8yf3hpg9wkfs9brrqn1p Slides] [https://buffalo.box.com/s/hgfmxwdwlq05yptyp93ieq5haakde8zx Video]
 
Reading:
 
:[https://philpapers.org/rec/SCHTAO-29 Toward an Ontological Treatment of Disease and Diagnosis]
 
==October 7: Introduction to Protégé ==
 
[https://protege.stanford.edu/ Protégé] is the leading open-source ontology editor
 
This class taught by [https://www.linkedin.com/in/brian-donohue-72318973/ Brian Donohue]
 
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/pb0bb6tc7dxfbjdtqw4kd64r61flydco Slides]
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/uwy5pxuq96ira873aij43gx7u69emv9b Video]


Fourth class assignment: Create a simple ontology using Protégé. Deadline: noon, 25 October.
:[https://buffalo.box.com/s/2iueose1ii7l20bu50lmrofvh3l41c7x Slides]
:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5chInYVVypI Video]


==October 14: Pain / Bruxism / Embryontology ==
Barry Smith, Tatiana Malyuta, Ron Rudnicki, William Mandrick, David Salmen, Peter Morosoff, Danielle K. Duff, James Schoening, Kesny Parent, "http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/STIDS-2013.pdf IAO-Intel: An Ontology of Information Artifacts in the Intelligence Domain]”, ''Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Semantic Technologies for Intelligence, Defense, and Security'', Fairfax, VA (STIDS 2013), CEUR, vol. 1097, 33-40.


Ontology of Pain
==September 23: Referent Tracking==


[https://buffalo.box.com/s/p1fn1n0ydvekzu3c5b3fc7q9vbgxh9a4 Slides] [https://buffalo.box.com/s/7jfap1h4mzn6yelve37dzjq0l7fp3jpt Video]
:Referent tracking and Object-Based Production
:Agent-Based Intelligence and the philosophy of action


Bruxism
Werner Ceusters, Shahid Manzoor, "[http://www.referent-tracking.com/RTU/files/CeustersICbookRevised/1.0/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf How to track absolutely everything]", ''Ontologies and Semantic Technologies for the Intelligence Community'' (Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications), 2010, 13-36.


[https://buffalo.box.com/s/p9t9iuol7p1rtcuvkd2voogboh4vr5uy Slides]
==September 30: Intelligence Doctrine ==
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/7bhyo2l47re85ll6auf53a5xaj1b47f2 Video]


Embryontology
Peter Morosoff, Ron Rudnicki, Jason Bryant, Robert Farrell, Barry Smith, "[http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1523/STIDS_2015_T01_Morosoff_etal.pdf Joint Doctrine Ontology: A Benchmark for Military Information Systems Interoperability]", ''Semantic Technology for Intelligence, Defense and Security'' (STIDS), 2015, CEUR vol. 1523, 2-9.


[https://buffalo.box.com/s/wmdfryxwrj59bb4mbyhwfaj0ez9g10z8 Slides]
==October 7: Meaningful AI vs. Deep Learning ==
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/7bhyo2l47re85ll6auf53a5xaj1b47f2 Video]


'''Readings:'''
==October 14: Aboutness==
:[http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/pain.pdf "Ontology of Pain"]
:[http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/embryontology.pdf "16 Days"]


Fifth class assignment: Create a plan for your presentation on December 3
Frederik Stjernfelt, "[https://buffalo.box.com/s/aasageqt6i8pxw96n417qjxqzd1fj4r2 The ontology of espionage in reality and fiction]", ''Sign Systems Studies'', 31:1 (2003), 133-161


==October 21: Joint Doctrine Ontology / Building an Ethical Warfighter / Terrorism==
==October 21: Intelligence Doctrine ==


Joint Doctrine Ontology (JDO)
Joint Doctrine Ontology (JDO)


[https://buffalo.box.com/s/6jst6ri1hxljzz23gih5bench9ibkozh Slides] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqrVmlHOqC4 Video]
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/6jst6ri1hxljzz23gih5bench9ibkozh Slides] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rqrVmlHOqC4 Video]
Building an Ethical Warfighter
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/vsih0bbo3uj9t9if79yw8phlplbds2pi Slides] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sj_nKsGR-54 Video]
Ontology of Terrorism
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/edi8jqz4voaid8wcw21n4q9fb0n8xhrm Slides] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YeMWBt-rH8s Video]


'''Readings''':
'''Readings''':
:[http://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Doctrine/pubs/dictionary.pdf Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms]
:[http://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Doctrine/pubs/dictionary.pdf Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms]
:[http://stids.c4i.gmu.edu/papers/STIDS_2015_T01_Morosoff_etal.pdf P. Morossof et al., "Joint Doctrine Ontology: A Benchmark for Military Information Systems Interoperability" (2015)]
:[http://stids.c4i.gmu.edu/papers/STIDS_2015_T01_Morosoff_etal.pdf P. Morossof et al., "Joint Doctrine Ontology: A Benchmark for Military Information Systems Interoperability" (2015)]
:[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328145335_From_Affective_Science_to_Psychiatric_Disorder_Ontology_as_a_Semantic_Bridge R. R. Larsen and J. Hastings, "From Affective Science to Psychiatric Disorder: Ontology as a Semantic Bridge" (2018)]


==October 28: Top-Level Ontologies / The Six-Category Ontology / Truth and Maps==
==October 28: Ontology of Terrorism==


Top-Level Ontologies
:[https://buffalo.box.com/s/edi8jqz4voaid8wcw21n4q9fb0n8xhrm Slides]
:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YeMWBt-rH8s Video]
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/g0wvvijd47yxfcklxfoybkdzc1vaj0tn Slides] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P0gV0nCB0ng Video]
:[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328145335_From_Affective_Science_to_Psychiatric_Disorder_Ontology_as_a_Semantic_Bridge R. R. Larsen and J. Hastings, "From Affective Science to Psychiatric Disorder: Ontology as a Semantic Bridge" (2018)]


The Six-Category Ontology
==November 4: Organized Military Action ==
 
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/gh9x7s4eu3qgpeg0fu2jf7gqor8t4zjh Slides] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pRY5AFTEWrA Video]
 
Truth and the Ontology of Maps
 
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/voymfa5vgmu2mc6721flo69l51ka5131 Slides] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jqqq7eBnZvE Video]
 
'''Readings:'''
:[http://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/teaching/courses/kmm/PDF/L7-DOLCE.pdf DOLCE: An Upper-Level Ontology]
:[http://www.adampease.org/OP/ SUMO Suggested Upper Merged Ontology]
:http://ncorwiki.buffalo.edu/index.php/Basic_Formal_Ontology_2.0 Basic Formal Ontology]
 
==November 4: From Speech Acts to Document Acts / Social Agency / Deontics ==
 
From speech acts to document acts
 
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/2iueose1ii7l20bu50lmrofvh3l41c7x Slides] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5chInYVVypI Video]


Massively planned social agency
Massively planned social agency
Line 155: Line 88:
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/fcy56onfs5omtoqe7k3x95q8otkcguhs Slides] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3V8UWby2Gw Video]
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/fcy56onfs5omtoqe7k3x95q8otkcguhs Slides] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3V8UWby2Gw Video]


Deontic entities
==November 11: Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Machine Learning ==


[https://buffalo.box.com/s/xrpf0b84619qcxuvcdi08ri3ufhh9zp1 Slides] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7vplac5JP0 Video]
:Overview of machine learning and other approaches to the exploitation of Big Data  
 
==November 11: Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Machine Learning / Money  ==
 
:Overview of machine learning and other approaches to the exploitation of Big Data (presented by [https://krkeane.github.io/about/ Kevin Keane])
:Role of ontology in Data Science
:Role of ontology in Data Science
:Ontology of money
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/4t7ilrkivp5j3po63fiyklv1uo0cxdwq Slides] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dHo-Tn_v8xM Video]
'''Readings''':
:[http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/searle.pdf Barry Smith and John Searle (2003) "The Construction of Social Reality: An Exchange"]


:[http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~tom/mlbook/keyIdeas.pdf Tom Mitchell, "Key Ideas in Machine Learning"]
''Reading''
 
:[https://courses.csail.mit.edu/18.337/2015/docs/50YearsDataScience.pdf David Donoho, "50 years of Data Science"]


:[http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.00631 G. Marcus (2018), "Deep Learning: A Critical Appraisal"]
:[http://arxiv.org/abs/1801.00631 G. Marcus (2018), "Deep Learning: A Critical Appraisal"]


==November 18: The Ontology of the Eruv ==
==November 18: Pedigree, Provenance, Classification, Clearance ==


The Ontology of the Eruv
==November 25: Ontology and Data Fusion==
 
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/ovo1meikzduv4psbes8mkmqb3qvoce7e Slides] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCJFGljz4PQ Video]
 
Reading:
 
:[https://philpapers.org/rec/KUMTOO The Ontology of Processes and Functions]
 
:[https://philpapers.org/archive/SMIOPA-3.pdf The Ontology of the Eruv]
 
==November 25: Why computer science needs philosophy / Why I am not a Philosopher ==
 
Why computer science needs philosophy
 
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/ysavl3d65vyxke9tnt78u9jb7d3mk3pf Slides] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yfhUt1LrIo Video]
 
Why I am not a philosopher
 
[https://buffalo.box.com/s/y74umhxrfod6jr5zhh9g659pgea2weld Slides] [https://youtu.be/e5zjZnbi-ZA Video]


==December 2: Student Projects ==
==December 2: Student Projects ==


== '''Further topics''' ==


:Common Knowledge
:Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT)
:Belief Revision
:Uncertainty
:Geographic Information Science
:Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment
:Machine Support for Intelligence Analysis


== '''Provisional list of topics''' ==
:Ontology, AI and Robotics
:Services, Commodities, Infrastructure
:Product Life Cycle Ontology
:Ontology and Information Engineering in the Healthcare Domain
:The Science of Document Informatics
:Finance Ontology
:The Ontology of Plans
:Ontology of Military Logistics
:Ontology and Intelligence Analysis
:Ontology and Data Fusion
:Ontology of Terrorism
----
----


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! Assessment Method(s)
! Assessment Method(s)
|-
|-
| The student will acquire a thorough knowledge of current ontology research in areas relating to engineering, data fusion, defense and intelligence
| The student will acquire a knowledge of the principles and procedures of intelligence analysis, and an insight into the philosophical methods and theories relevant thereto. The student will also acquire a familiarity with current theoretical research in areas relating to intelligence analysis.
| Video lectures and online discussions
| Lectures and class discussions
| Review of submitted online content and of participation in online discussion forum
| Review of reading matter and associated online content and participation in class discussions
|-
|-
| The student will acquire experience in ontology development
| The student will acquire experience in practical tasks involved in intelligence analysis
| Video lectures and critique of successive drafts
| Participation in practical experiments
| Review of results in the form of xsl spreadsheet or Protégé file
| Review of results  
|-
|-
| The student will acquire experience in communicating the results of work on ontology development 
| The student will acquire experience in communicating the results of work on intelligence analysis and its philosophical understanding
| Creation of youtube presentation and of associated documentation
| Creation of youtube presentation and of associated documentation
| Review of results
| Review of results
Line 240: Line 138:
=='''Important dates'''==
=='''Important dates'''==
{|
{|
|  Jan 28 || - first video released by Dr Smith at 9am
|  Sep 20 || - about now start to discuss by email the content of your video and essay with Dr Smith
|-
|-
|  Feb 20 || - about now start to discuss by email the content of your video and essay with Dr Smith
|  Sep 28 || - submit a proposed title and abstract
|-
|-
|  Feb 28 || - submit a proposed title and abstract
|  Oct 31 || - submit a table of contents and 300 word summary plus draft of associated ppt slides
|-
|-
|  Mar 16 || - create a simple ontology using Protege
|  Nov 20 || - submit penultimate draft of essay and powerpoint
|-
|-
|  Mar 31 || - submit a table of contents and 300 word summary plus draft of associated ppt slides
|  Dec 4 || - submit final version of essay and powerpoint and upload final version of video to youtube
|-
|  Apr 27 || - submit penultimate draft of essay and powerpoint
|-
|  May 4 || - submit final version of essay and powerpoint and upload final version of video to youtube
|}
|}


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== '''Background Reading and Video Materials''' ==
== '''Background Reading and Video Materials''' ==
*[http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/ontologies.htm Ontology: An Introduction]
*[http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/Horizontal-integration.pdf Horizontal Integration of Warfighter Intelligence Data]
*[http://ncorwiki.buffalo.edu/index.php/Ontology_for_Intelligence,_Defense_and_Security Ontology for Intelligence, Defense and Security (2012)]
*[http://ncorwiki.buffalo.edu/index.php/Introduction_to_Prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9 Intoduction to Protégé]
*[https://wiki.csc.calpoly.edu/OntologyTutorial/wiki/IntroductionToOntologiesWithProtege Protégé Tutorial]
*[http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/wiki/Protege4GettingStarted Getting Started with Protege 4].
*[http://owl.cs.manchester.ac.uk/tutorials/protegeowltutorial Matthew Horridge's Protege-OWL Tutorial].
*[http://militaryontology.org Military Ontology]


*[http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/ Streaming video presentations and training courses in ontology]
*[http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/ Streaming video presentations and training courses in ontology]
Line 351: Line 229:


*[http://ncorwiki.buffalo.edu/index.php/Ontology_for_Intelligence,_Defense_and_Security Ontology for Intelligence, Defense and Security (2012)]
*[http://ncorwiki.buffalo.edu/index.php/Ontology_for_Intelligence,_Defense_and_Security Ontology for Intelligence, Defense and Security (2012)]
*[http://ncorwiki.buffalo.edu/index.php/Introduction_to_Prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9 Intoduction to Protégé]
*[https://wiki.csc.calpoly.edu/OntologyTutorial/wiki/IntroductionToOntologiesWithProtege Protégé Tutorial]
*[http://protegewiki.stanford.edu/wiki/Protege4GettingStarted Getting Started with Protege 4].
*[http://owl.cs.manchester.ac.uk/tutorials/protegeowltutorial Matthew Horridge's Protege-OWL Tutorial].


*[http://militaryontology.org Military Ontology]
*[http://militaryontology.org Military Ontology]
*[http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/ Streaming video presentations and training courses in ontology]
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050913000690 Concept Analysis to Enrich Manufacturing Service Capability Models]
*[http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166361514000438 Supply Chain Management Ontology]
*[http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-014-0073-2 Ontology-based interoperability solutions for textile supply chain]

Latest revision as of 15:00, 16 May 2019

Intelligence Analysis: A Crash Course Special Topic PHI 589

Registration:

Class#: XXXXX (PHI)

Instructors: Barry Smith, David Limbaugh

Prerequisites: Open to all persons with an undergraduate degree.

Office hours: By appointment via email at phismith@buffalo.edu or dglimbau@buffalo.edu

The Course

Course Description: The aim of the course is to provide a philosophical introduction to intelligence analysis. We will apply the methods of philosophy to a range of topics including: the nature and goals of intelligence analysis; the cognitive processes involved; the different types of evidence used; statistical aspects of analytic reasoning; the role of AI and other forms of computer support. Philosophical methods employed will include those of epistemology, social ontology, cognitive ontology, and the philosophy of computing and information.

Course Structure: This is a three credit hour graduate seminar. Components of each three-hour seminar will be incorporated into a series of on-line videos. The final session will be structured around youtube videos created by the students in the class. The course will also feature a practical component in which students will be trained in the basic cognitive tools of intelligence analysis.

Intelligence Analysis in Buffalo: UB scientists are involved in a variety of projects in which intelligence analysis plays a role, and some of theintelligence community collaborators in these projects will be involved in the teaching.

Reading

Robert Arp, Barry Smith and Andrew Spear, Building Ontologies with Basic Formal Ontology, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, August 2015.

Jobst Landgrebe and Barry Smith, "Making AI Meaningful Again", arXiv, 2019.

Barry Smith, Tatiana Malyuta, David Salmen, William Mandrick, Kesny Parent, Shouvik Bardhan, Jamie Johnson, "Ontology for the Intelligence Analyst", CrossTalk: The Journal of Defense Software Engineering, November/December 2012, 18-25.

Terry Janssen, Herbert Basik, Mike Dean, Barry Smith, "A Multi-INT Semantic Reasoning Framework for Intelligence Analysis Support", in: L. Obrst, T. Janssen, W. Ceusters (eds.), Ontologies and Semantic Technologies for the Intelligence Community (Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications), Amsterdam: IOS Press, 2010, 57-69.

David Salmen, Tatiana Malyuta, Alan Hansen, Shaun Cronen, Barry Smith, Integration of Intelligence Data through Semantic Enhancement", Proceedings of the Conference on Semantic Technology in Intelligence, Defense and Security (STIDS), George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, November 16-17, 2011, CEUR, Vol. 808, 6-13.

Barry Smith, Tatiana Malyuta, William S. Mandrick, Chia Fu, Kesny Parent, Milan Patel, "http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/Horizontal-integration.pdf Horizontal Integration of Warfighter Intelligence Data. A Shared Semantic Resource for the Intelligence Community", Proceedings of the Conference on Semantic Technology in Intelligence, Defense and Security (STIDS), George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, October 23-25, 2012, CEUR 996, 112-119.

Schedule:

August 26: Why the next world war will be fought on the internet

September 2: Labor Day – No class

September 9 The Intelligence Process

September 16: Intelligence Documents

From speech acts to document acts

Slides
Video

Barry Smith, Tatiana Malyuta, Ron Rudnicki, William Mandrick, David Salmen, Peter Morosoff, Danielle K. Duff, James Schoening, Kesny Parent, "http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/articles/STIDS-2013.pdf IAO-Intel: An Ontology of Information Artifacts in the Intelligence Domain]”, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Semantic Technologies for Intelligence, Defense, and Security, Fairfax, VA (STIDS 2013), CEUR, vol. 1097, 33-40.

September 23: Referent Tracking

Referent tracking and Object-Based Production
Agent-Based Intelligence and the philosophy of action

Werner Ceusters, Shahid Manzoor, "How to track absolutely everything", Ontologies and Semantic Technologies for the Intelligence Community (Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications), 2010, 13-36.

September 30: Intelligence Doctrine

Peter Morosoff, Ron Rudnicki, Jason Bryant, Robert Farrell, Barry Smith, "Joint Doctrine Ontology: A Benchmark for Military Information Systems Interoperability", Semantic Technology for Intelligence, Defense and Security (STIDS), 2015, CEUR vol. 1523, 2-9.

October 7: Meaningful AI vs. Deep Learning

October 14: Aboutness

Frederik Stjernfelt, "The ontology of espionage in reality and fiction", Sign Systems Studies, 31:1 (2003), 133-161

October 21: Intelligence Doctrine

Joint Doctrine Ontology (JDO)

Slides Video

Readings:

Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
P. Morossof et al., "Joint Doctrine Ontology: A Benchmark for Military Information Systems Interoperability" (2015)

October 28: Ontology of Terrorism

Slides
Video
R. R. Larsen and J. Hastings, "From Affective Science to Psychiatric Disorder: Ontology as a Semantic Bridge" (2018)

November 4: Organized Military Action

Massively planned social agency

Slides Video

November 11: Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Machine Learning

Overview of machine learning and other approaches to the exploitation of Big Data
Role of ontology in Data Science

Reading

G. Marcus (2018), "Deep Learning: A Critical Appraisal"

November 18: Pedigree, Provenance, Classification, Clearance

November 25: Ontology and Data Fusion

December 2: Student Projects

Further topics

Common Knowledge
Internet of Battlefield Things (IoBT)
Belief Revision
Uncertainty
Geographic Information Science
Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment
Machine Support for Intelligence Analysis

Student Learning Outcomes

Program Outcomes/Competencies Instructional Method(s) Assessment Method(s)
The student will acquire a knowledge of the principles and procedures of intelligence analysis, and an insight into the philosophical methods and theories relevant thereto. The student will also acquire a familiarity with current theoretical research in areas relating to intelligence analysis. Lectures and class discussions Review of reading matter and associated online content and participation in class discussions
The student will acquire experience in practical tasks involved in intelligence analysis Participation in practical experiments Review of results
The student will acquire experience in communicating the results of work on intelligence analysis and its philosophical understanding Creation of youtube presentation and of associated documentation Review of results

Important dates

Sep 20 - about now start to discuss by email the content of your video and essay with Dr Smith
Sep 28 - submit a proposed title and abstract
Oct 31 - submit a table of contents and 300 word summary plus draft of associated ppt slides
Nov 20 - submit penultimate draft of essay and powerpoint
Dec 4 - submit final version of essay and powerpoint and upload final version of video to youtube

Grading

Grading will be based on two factors:

I: understanding and criticism of the videos presented in classes 1-13

All students are required to ingest the content of all videos and to take an active part in on-line discussions throughout the semester.

II: preparation of a youtube video and associated documentation (including powerpoint slides and essay).

Content and structure of the essay should be discussed with Dr Smith. Where the essay takes the form of the documentation of a specific ontology developed by the student it should include:

Statement of scope of the ontology
Summary of existing ontologies in the relevant domain
Explanation of how your ontology differs from (or incorporates) these ontologies
Screenshots of parts of the ontology with some examples of important terms and definitions
Summaries of potential applications of the ontology

Grading Policy: Grading follows standard Graduate School policies. Grades will be weighted according to the following breakdown:

Weighting Assignment

26% - video summaries (2% per summary)
14% - forum participation
20% - youtube video
20% - powerpoint slides
20% - essay / ontology content

Final Grades

Grade Quality Percentage

A 4.0 93.0% -100.00%
A- 3.67 90.0% - 92.9%
B+ 3.33 87.0% - 89.9%
B 3.00 83.0% - 86.9%
B- 2.67 80.0% - 82.9%
C+ 2.33 77.0% - 79.9%
C 2.00 73.0% - 76.9%
C- 1.67 70.0% - 72.9%
D+ 1.33 67.0% - 69.9%
D 1.00 60.0% - 66.9%
F 0 59.9% or below

An interim grade of Incomplete (I) may be assigned if the student has not completed all requirements for the course. An interim grade of 'I' shall not be assigned to a student who did not attend the course. The default grade accompanying an interim grade of 'I' shall be 'U' and will be displayed on the UB record as 'IU.' The default Unsatisfactory (U) grade shall become the permanent course grade of record if the 'IU' is not changed through formal notice by the instructor upon the student's completion of the course.

Assignment of an interim 'IU' is at the discretion of the instructor. A grade of 'IU' can be assigned only if successful completion of unfulfilled course requirements can result in a final grade better than the default 'U' grade. The student should have a passing average in the requirements already completed. The instructor shall provide the student specification, in writing, of the requirements to be fulfilled.

The university’s Graduate Incomplete Policy can be found here.

Related Policies and Services

Academic integrity is a fundamental university value. Through the honest completion of academic work, students sustain the integrity of the university while facilitating the university's imperative for the transmission of knowledge and culture based upon the generation of new and innovative ideas. See http://grad.buffalo.edu/Academics/Policies-Procedures/Academic-Integrity.html.

Accessibility resources: If you have any disability which requires reasonable accommodations to enable you to participate in this course, please contact the Office of Accessibility Resources in 60 Capen Hall, 645-2608 and also the instructor of this course during the first week of class. The office will provide you with information and review appropriate arrangements for reasonable accommodations, which can be found on the web here.

Background Reading and Video Materials

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