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==September 12: Darwin, Genes, and Units of Measure==
==September 12: Darwin, Genes, and Units of Measure==


'''Introduction'''
:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Philosophy-of-Science-1-Video Video]
:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Philosophy-of-Science-2022-2 Slides]
 
'''Introduction to the Philosophy of Science (Continued)'''
:The Austrian Background of Philosophy of Science
:Popper
:Popper
:Lakatos
:Lakatos
Line 78: Line 82:
:Ontology and Science
:Ontology and Science


'''Reading''': D.C.Stove, ''[http://ontology.buffalo.edu/stove/500-600.htm Popper and After: Four Modern Irrationalists]''
'''Readings'''  
 
:D. C. Stove, ''[http://ontology.buffalo.edu/stove/500-600.htm Popper and After: Four Modern Irrationalists]''
See also: [http://www.maths.unsw.edu.au/~jim/worst.pdf Stove's Discovery of the World's Worst Philosophical Argument]
:J. Franklin, [http://www.maths.unsw.edu.au/~jim/worst.pdf Stove's Discovery of the World's Worst Philosophical Argument]
:J. C. Nyiri, [https://philpapers.org/rec/NYITAE The Austrian Element in the Philosophy of Science]


'''From Aristotle to Darwin'''
'''From Aristotle to Darwin'''
Line 93: Line 98:


==September 19: Types of Reasoning and Types of Evidence (with Amelia Kahn)==
==September 19: Types of Reasoning and Types of Evidence (with Amelia Kahn)==
[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Philosophy-of-Science-3 Video]
[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Harman-Evidence-Reasoning Slides]


:1. Types of reasoning (induction, abduction, and deduction) and their role in science
:1. Types of reasoning (induction, abduction, and deduction) and their role in science
Line 103: Line 112:


'''Reading''': Gilbert Harman, "[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Harman-Inference Inference to the Best Explanation]
'''Reading''': Gilbert Harman, "[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Harman-Inference Inference to the Best Explanation]
==September 26: No class==


==October 3: Biomedical Sciences==
==October 3: Biomedical Sciences==


''Ontology of niches, affordances, settings, places, nabitats: From Aristotle to Gibson and Barker and the Hutchinsonian niche''
:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Biomedical-Sciences-2022 Slides]
 
:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Biological-Sciences Audio]
:[https://buffalo.box.com/s/6wmxnd9vvuhd9ubrldeptaerydqzkbct Slides]
:[https://buffalo.box.com/s/u0yz6ddfaa6k34gwfw48su4q19y78z0o Video]


'''The ontology of disease'''
'''The ontology of disease'''
Line 118: Line 123:


==October 10: Psychological Sciences==
==October 10: Psychological Sciences==
'''Origins of psychology as a science'''
:Brentano and his legacy
:Husserl, Meinong and the arrow of intentionality
'''The Mental Functioning Ontology'''
:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Psychological-Sciences-2022 Slides]
:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Psychological-Science-2022 Video]
Readings:
:Werner Ceusters & Barry Smith, "[https://jbiomedsem.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/2041-1480-1-10.pdf Foundations for a realist ontology of mental disease]", ''Journal of Biomedical Semantics''mm volume 1 (2010)
Background materials on ecological psychology:
'''Ontology of niches, affordances, settings, places, habitats: From Aristotle to Gibson and Barker and the Hutchinsonian niche'''
:[https://buffalo.box.com/s/6wmxnd9vvuhd9ubrldeptaerydqzkbct Slides]
:[https://buffalo.box.com/s/u0yz6ddfaa6k34gwfw48su4q19y78z0o Video]


'''Behavior settings as emergent relational structures in everyday life'''
'''Behavior settings as emergent relational structures in everyday life'''
Line 123: Line 146:
:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Heft-On-Affordances Slides]
:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Heft-On-Affordances Slides]
:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Heft-Affordances Video]
:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Heft-Affordances Video]
'''The Mental Functioning Ontology'''


Readings:
Readings:
Line 134: Line 155:
:Smith, "[https://philpapers.org/archive/SMIOAT.pdf Objects and Their Environments: From Aristotle to Ecological Psychology]"
:Smith, "[https://philpapers.org/archive/SMIOAT.pdf Objects and Their Environments: From Aristotle to Ecological Psychology]"


==October 17: Social Sciences==
==October 17: The Replication Problem: Science as a Social Phenomenon==
 
:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Replication-problem Video]
:[https://www.ted.com/talks/amy_cuddy_your_body_language_may_shape_who_you_are?language=en Cuddy Video]
:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Replication-crisis Slides]
 
==October 24: Practical Applications of Ontology ==
 
This session will involve a series of talks and discussions given by UB faculty (including BS) and visitors from the University of Toronto. One central focus will be the ontology of social services. Another will be urban planning. More details will follow.


==October 24: Science as a Social Phenomenon ==
==October 31: Consistent Histories: A Realist view of Quantum Physics==


==October 31: On the varieties of models: Description, Explanation, Prediction==
[https://buffalo.box.com/v/QM-not-Kantian Video]


==November 7: No class==
[http://buffalo.box.com/v/Quantum-Mereotopology Slides]


==November 12-13: Philosophy of Physics with Jobst Landgrebe (weekend session)==
Readings:
:[https://buffalo.box.com/s/ceupgj3v3dpmp397bc0afvofd78iohwl Nancy Cartwright, "Models: The Blueprint for Laws"]
:[https://philpapers.org/archive/SMIQM.pdf Barry Smith, "Quantum Mereotopology"]
:[https://philpapers.org/rec/SMITG Barry Smith “True Grid” (2001)]
 
==November 12-13: Philosophy of Quantum Physics (with Jobst Landgrebe) (weekend session)==
 
:[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLyngZgIl3WTj5zD061cYUCO0GwRO6yfvX Video]
:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Landgrebe-QM-slides Slides]
 
'''Outline'''
 
The goal of the lectures is to bring students to the level where they can understand the Schrödinger equation.
 
The lectures will defend a view of physics resting on a radical division between classical physics on the one hand and quantum mechanics (QM) on the other. General relativity theory (GTR), from this perspective, is still a part of classical physics.
 
Essentially, with the rise of QM the mathematical modelling of nature has deviated more and more from what we observe in nature. For while GTR is mathematically demanding, it is much closer than QM to what we observe directly in nature. Indeed, the realization of QM effects depends heavily on the use of completely artificial settings. These effects can, it is true, be realized using engineering, both in experimental settings and in machines which address practical purpose, for example in quantum cryptography. But leaving aside what goes on in these unnatural settings, QM has nothing to contribute to our understanding of ordinary reality. (For expanded version of goal see [[Expanded version of goal | here]])
 
'''Readings'''
:[https://buffalo.box.com/s/0tqdcxl0pwl89xbfsjqx2f7vgd7ihmvm Extract from: Tim Maudlin, ''Distilling Metaphysics from Physics'']
:Christian Wüthrich, [https://www.wuthrich.net/teaching/_USI_PhilPhys_2022.html Introduction to Philosophy of Physics]
:Nancy Cartwright: [https://buffalo.box.com/s/y3el03ybqwgeingf8y8y4j229j0qmp4t How the laws of physics lie]
:Feynman: [https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/III_toc.html Lectures on physics, vol III, chs. 1-3] [https://www.feynmanlectures.caltech.edu/III_01.html#Ch1-audio Audio Version] (recommended)
:Griffith: [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qm-consistent-histories/ Consistent Histories]
:Carsten Held: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10701-008-9230-4 Axiomatic Quantum Mechanics and Completeness]
:Steven French: [https://www-sciencedirect-com.gate.lib.buffalo.edu/science/article/pii/S1355219809000033?via%3Dihub Review of Falkenburg: ''Particle Metaphysics'']
:Kuhlmann: [https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/quantum-field-theory/ Quantum Field Theory]


'''Saturday'''
'''Saturday'''
(To save time, the lunchbreaks are short; it is recommended that you bring your lunch with you when you arrive each morning)
 
:09:00
:09:00 '''Philosophy for physics or physics for philosophy?'''
 
:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fJ43lFN_8eY&list=PLyngZgIl3WTj5zD061cYUCO0GwRO6yfvX&index=1 Video 1]
 
:10:15 Break
:10:15 Break
:10:30
 
:10:30 '''The dualism of waves and particles'''
 
:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zuDgB7lhiyc&list=PLyngZgIl3WTj5zD061cYUCO0GwRO6yfvX&index=2 Video 2]
 
:12:00 Lunch  
:12:00 Lunch  
:12:30  
 
:12:30 '''Basic Laws of Quantum Mechanics''' and '''Introductory Remarks on the Ontology of Physics and Mathematics'''
 
:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MGjGgHziywk&list=PLyngZgIl3WTj5zD061cYUCO0GwRO6yfvX&index=3 Video 3]
 
:13:45 Break
:13:45 Break
:14:00
 
:14:00 '''The Ammonia Molecule and the MASER'''
 
:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfA-vbWzVi4&list=PLyngZgIl3WTj5zD061cYUCO0GwRO6yfvX&index=4 Video 4]
 
:15:15 Break
:15:15 Break
:15:30
 
:15:30 '''Interpretations of Quantum physics'''
 
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-_x9-DYuLQ0&list=PLyngZgIl3WTj5zD061cYUCO0GwRO6yfvX&index=5 Video 5]
 
:17:00 Close
:17:00 Close


'''Sunday'''
'''Sunday'''
:09:00
 
:09:00 ''Interpretations of Quantum physics (continued)'''
:Reading:
 
:Video 5 continued
 
:10:15 Break
:10:15 Break
:10:30
 
:10:30 '''Laws, Causality and Particles'''
 
:Video 5 continued
 
:12:00 Lunch  
:12:00 Lunch  
:12:30  
 
:12:30 '''Introduction to the Ontology of Physics and Mathematics'''
 
:Video 5 continued
 
:13:45 Break
:13:45 Break
:14:00
:15:15 Break
:15:30
:17:00 Close


==November 14: Philosophy of Mathematics==
==November 13: Philosophy of Mathematics (BS)==
 
:14:00 '''Philosophy of mathematics''' (BS)
 
:[https://buffalo.box.com/v/Philosophy-of-mathematics Slides]
 
:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OgJrFzXwwCY Video]


'''What is a scientific discipline?'''
==November 14: Philosophy of Physics and Mathematics (with Jobst Landgrebe)==


'''Science evolves as language evolves'''
:1:00pm: '''Laws, causality and particles; general wrap-up on ontology of physics and mathematics'''


'''Science and Data'''
:[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SOWqcbIkxP4&list=PLyngZgIl3WTj5zD061cYUCO0GwRO6yfvX&index=6 Video]


'''The Replication Problem'''
Topics dealt with include:
:The nature of particles
:Classical physics and quantum mechanics
:Quantum electrodynamics
:Quantum field theory
:The operational view and the dynamic view
:Ontology of physics
:Ontology of mathematics


==November 21 Student Projects ==
==November 21 Student Projects ==


Topics to be determined
:1:00 Giacomo De Colle, '''The Ontology of Energy Management in Data Centers'''
:1:15 Josh Vonderhaar, '''Epistemic Models and Social Science'''
:1:30 Delaney McNulty, '''Issues with fMRI Scans'''
:1:45 Tiankui Zeng, '''An alternative interpretation of the replication crisis'''
:2:00 Lance Hill, '''Sophistry in the Social Sciences'''
:2:15 Hyemi Jun, '''Visualizing Cultural Difference: Analyzing the Dynamic Between Visual Perception and Emotion through Aesthetic Expression'''
:2:30 Noah Kim, '''International relations as a science and the role of ontology'''
:2:45 Cameron More, '''Economics is Not a Science: The Metaphysical Assumptions of Neoclassical and Marginalist Theory'''
:3:00 Jieming Yu, '''Conceptual Revision and the Change in the Concept of Gene'''


== '''Background Reading''' ==
== '''Background Reading''' ==


:Barker, Roger "[https://www.spssi.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=document.viewdocument&ID=3F28EB86AE4CA3BB2EE025BE0093BF040DF534F490344D630568A7B6A4F9D6BE8A419D9A5BFC2C3737450814D3839CB6 On the Nature of the Environment]", ''Journal of Social Issues'', October 1963.
[[Readings on Gibson, Affordances, Dispositions]]
:Gibson, James J. (1966) [https://buffalo.box.com/s/v3u96qrw6i2vd2uwn3e6x0i7i0i9v0xe ''The Senses Considered as Perceptual Systems'']
:Gibson, James J.  (1979) [https://buffalo.box.com/s/8ouroqc5475w09rtuowozqy5xdr0dxp0 ''The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception'']
:Parsons, Talcott (1951) [https://buffalo.box.com/s/ngcv5zzaaoa1gvemc7pysbvbtnkf4d8y ''The Social System'']
:Peirce, C. S. "[https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Popular_Science_Monthly/Volume_12/January_1878/Illustrations_of_the_Logic_of_Science_II How to Make our Ideas Clear]"
 
:A. Chemero, "[https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66619419/download_file?st=MTYyODc4NjIwMCw2OC4xMzMuMTQuNjgsOTAzMTE%3D&s=profile&ct=MTYyODc4NjIwNSwxNjI4Nzg2NTk0LDkwMzEx] An Outline of a Theory of Affordances]", ''Ecological Psychology'', 15(2), 181–195
:Harry Heft, [https://buffalo.box.com/s/39nnbjmw3jadkwbvetjiz5c5pjrnyocy ''Ecological Psychology in Context : James Gibson, Roger Barker, and the Legacy of William James's Radical Empiricism'']
:Peter Munz, [https://buffalo.box.com/s/p5eqe7orynzykw55cweyjqvxr2y3tm4p Philosophy and the Mirror of Rorty], ''Philosophy of the Social Sciences'' 14 (2):195-238 (1984)
:Thomas Natsoulas [https://buffalo.box.com/s/y7txgbmk9va735ltaz44z11ozif0jeg9 Gibson's Environment, Husserl's "''Lebenswelt''," the World of Physics, and the Rejection of Phenomenal Objects], ''The American Journal of Psychology'', Autumn, 1994, Vol. 107, No. 3 (Autumn, 1994), pp. 327-358
:Barry Smith (ed.), ''[https://philpapers.org/archive/SMIFOG.pdf Foundations of Gestalt Theory], Munich, 1988.
:Barry Smith, "[http://ontology.buffalo.edu/eco/Ecological_Psychology.pdf Toward a Realistic Science of Environments]", ''Ecological Pschology'' 21 (2), April-June 2009, 121-130
:Barry Smith [https://philpapers.org/archive/SMIOAT.pdf “Objects and Their Environments: From Aristotle to Ecological Psychology”], in Andrew Frank, Jonathan Raper and Jean-Paul Cheylan (eds.), ''The Life and Motion of Socio-Economic Units'' (GISDATA 8), London: Taylor and Francis, 2001, 79–97. [On Roger Barker on behavior settings]
:Frederik Stjernfelt, "[https://philpapers.org/archive/STJMAS.pdf Mereology and Semiotics]", ''Sign Systems Studies'' 28:73-97 (2000)
 
:Fumiaki Toyoshima and Adrien Barton "[http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2347/paper9.pdf A Formal Representation of Affordances as Reciprocal Dispositions]", ''TriCoLore'' (C3GI/ISD/SCORE), 2018
:Rob Withagen and Anthony Chemero [https://buffalo.box.com/s/u5pdxvmxoafl0heomoh84xgl7h1psnzm Affordances and classification: On the significance of a sidebar in James Gibson’s last book], ''Philosophical Psychology'', Vol. 25, No. 4, August 2012, 521–537
:Robert H. Wozniak, [https://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Watson/commentary.htm "Commentary on Watson (1913)"]


== '''Student Learning Outcomes''' ==
== '''Student Learning Outcomes''' ==
Line 245: Line 332:
|  Nov 15 || - submit second draft of essay (~2000 words) and associated powerpoint (~10 slides)
|  Nov 15 || - submit second draft of essay (~2000 words) and associated powerpoint (~10 slides)
|-
|-
|  Nov 22 || - class presentation
|  Nov 21 || - class presentation
|-
|-
|  Dec 11 || - submit final version of essay and powerpoint and upload final version of video to youtube
|  Dec 11 || - submit final version of essay and powerpoint and upload final version of video to youtube

Latest revision as of 15:33, 24 December 2022

Philosophy of Science

Fall Semester 2022, Monday 1-3:40pm. Special weekend session on November 12-13.

(PHI 420/520) Registration

Undergraduate 23577
Graduate 23578

Venue: Park 141

Instructors:

Barry Smith
Jobst Landgrebe

Prerequisites: Open to all persons with an undergraduate degree and some knowledge of philosophy.

Office hours: By appointment via email at phismith@buffalo.edu

The Course

Course Description: What are the essential features of a scientific discipline, and how are the different scientific disciplines related to each other and to the world which they seek to represent? This course will provide an introduction to questions such as this, beginning with a treatment of the role of models in different types of science, and of the truthmakers for different kinds of scientific proposition. We then attempt to create a synoptic and non-reductionist view of science in its entirety, aiming to do justice to each of the sciences from a realist point of view, and at the same time throw light on the interplay between the natural sciences and mathematics, and between the sciences in general and the world of common-sense experience.

Course Structure: This is a three credit hour graduate seminar.

The final session will be structured around powerpoint presentations by the students in the class. These presentations will be recorded.

Target Audience: The course is open to all interested students with an undergraduate degree and some knowledge of philosophy.

Sample Topics

What is a scientific model?
Descriptions, Explanations, Interpretations, Predictions
Classifying sciences
Science as a habit
Simple and complex systems
The reproducibility crisis
The applicability of mathematics
Philosophy of explicit and implicit mathematics
Carl Stumpf: Philosopher in the Lab
Do the mathematical entities mathematicians use exist independently of the mathematicians who use them?
Popper and after: Four modern irrationalists
Can we discover new scientific theories using AI?
The role of ontology in information-driven science
Nancy Cartwright
The Metaphysics Research Lab
Powers and dispositions
Singular dispositions (chemistry and interpersonal attraction, charisma, intersubjectivity ...)
Philosophy of mathematics
Explicit vs. implicit mathematics
Structural, patterns, Wesenszusammenhänge
Units of measure, measurement results, equations

August 29: Introduction to the Philosophy of Science

Historical Background

Slides
Video
Aristotle
Scotus (and Peirce)
Realism about Universals (Universals are What Science is About)
Kant (and Newton and the a priori)
Wittgenstein
Husserl's Crisis of European Sciences
The Vienna Circle
Fantology

September 5: Labor Day Observed

September 12: Darwin, Genes, and Units of Measure

Video
Slides

Introduction to the Philosophy of Science (Continued)

The Austrian Background of Philosophy of Science
Popper
Lakatos
Kuhn
Feyerabend
Ontology and Science

Readings

D. C. Stove, Popper and After: Four Modern Irrationalists
J. Franklin, Stove's Discovery of the World's Worst Philosophical Argument
J. C. Nyiri, The Austrian Element in the Philosophy of Science

From Aristotle to Darwin

From the Vienna Circle to the Gene Ontology

Ontology of units of measure

Video: Quantities (units of measure) as fiat universals

Reading: Alan Code, Searle, Aristotle, and the mind-body problem (1994)

September 19: Types of Reasoning and Types of Evidence (with Amelia Kahn)

Video

Slides

1. Types of reasoning (induction, abduction, and deduction) and their role in science

  The epistemically important features of scientific investigation processes

2. What is evidence?

What type of thing can be evidence: physical objects (the killer's fingerprint!), sense data or perceptual experience, or a mental state like knowledge? Or some other thing?

Reading: Gilbert Harman, "Inference to the Best Explanation

October 3: Biomedical Sciences

Slides
Audio

The ontology of disease

Reading: "Toward an Ontological Treatment of Disease and Diagnosis"

October 10: Psychological Sciences

Origins of psychology as a science

Brentano and his legacy
Husserl, Meinong and the arrow of intentionality

The Mental Functioning Ontology

Slides
Video

Readings:

Werner Ceusters & Barry Smith, "Foundations for a realist ontology of mental disease", Journal of Biomedical Semanticsmm volume 1 (2010)

Background materials on ecological psychology:

Ontology of niches, affordances, settings, places, habitats: From Aristotle to Gibson and Barker and the Hutchinsonian niche

Slides
Video

Behavior settings as emergent relational structures in everyday life

Slides
Video

Readings:

Heft, "Perceptual Information of 'An Entirely Different Order'"
Heft, "Places: Widening the Scope of an Ecological Approach to Perception"
Heft, Ecological Psychology in Context
Smith, "Toward a Realistic Science of Environments"
Smith, "Objects and Their Environments: From Aristotle to Ecological Psychology"

October 17: The Replication Problem: Science as a Social Phenomenon

Video
Cuddy Video
Slides

October 24: Practical Applications of Ontology

This session will involve a series of talks and discussions given by UB faculty (including BS) and visitors from the University of Toronto. One central focus will be the ontology of social services. Another will be urban planning. More details will follow.

October 31: Consistent Histories: A Realist view of Quantum Physics

Video

Slides

Readings:

Nancy Cartwright, "Models: The Blueprint for Laws"
Barry Smith, "Quantum Mereotopology"
Barry Smith “True Grid” (2001)

November 12-13: Philosophy of Quantum Physics (with Jobst Landgrebe) (weekend session)

Video
Slides

Outline

The goal of the lectures is to bring students to the level where they can understand the Schrödinger equation.

The lectures will defend a view of physics resting on a radical division between classical physics on the one hand and quantum mechanics (QM) on the other. General relativity theory (GTR), from this perspective, is still a part of classical physics.

Essentially, with the rise of QM the mathematical modelling of nature has deviated more and more from what we observe in nature. For while GTR is mathematically demanding, it is much closer than QM to what we observe directly in nature. Indeed, the realization of QM effects depends heavily on the use of completely artificial settings. These effects can, it is true, be realized using engineering, both in experimental settings and in machines which address practical purpose, for example in quantum cryptography. But leaving aside what goes on in these unnatural settings, QM has nothing to contribute to our understanding of ordinary reality. (For expanded version of goal see here)

Readings

Extract from: Tim Maudlin, Distilling Metaphysics from Physics
Christian Wüthrich, Introduction to Philosophy of Physics
Nancy Cartwright: How the laws of physics lie
Feynman: Lectures on physics, vol III, chs. 1-3 Audio Version (recommended)
Griffith: Consistent Histories
Carsten Held: Axiomatic Quantum Mechanics and Completeness
Steven French: Review of Falkenburg: Particle Metaphysics
Kuhlmann: Quantum Field Theory

Saturday

09:00 Philosophy for physics or physics for philosophy?
Video 1
10:15 Break
10:30 The dualism of waves and particles
Video 2
12:00 Lunch
12:30 Basic Laws of Quantum Mechanics and Introductory Remarks on the Ontology of Physics and Mathematics
Video 3
13:45 Break
14:00 The Ammonia Molecule and the MASER
Video 4
15:15 Break
15:30 Interpretations of Quantum physics

Video 5

17:00 Close

Sunday

09:00 Interpretations of Quantum physics (continued)'
Reading:
Video 5 continued
10:15 Break
10:30 Laws, Causality and Particles
Video 5 continued
12:00 Lunch
12:30 Introduction to the Ontology of Physics and Mathematics
Video 5 continued
13:45 Break

November 13: Philosophy of Mathematics (BS)

14:00 Philosophy of mathematics (BS)
Slides
Video

November 14: Philosophy of Physics and Mathematics (with Jobst Landgrebe)

1:00pm: Laws, causality and particles; general wrap-up on ontology of physics and mathematics
Video

Topics dealt with include:

The nature of particles
Classical physics and quantum mechanics
Quantum electrodynamics
Quantum field theory
The operational view and the dynamic view
Ontology of physics
Ontology of mathematics

November 21 Student Projects

1:00 Giacomo De Colle, The Ontology of Energy Management in Data Centers
1:15 Josh Vonderhaar, Epistemic Models and Social Science
1:30 Delaney McNulty, Issues with fMRI Scans
1:45 Tiankui Zeng, An alternative interpretation of the replication crisis
2:00 Lance Hill, Sophistry in the Social Sciences
2:15 Hyemi Jun, Visualizing Cultural Difference: Analyzing the Dynamic Between Visual Perception and Emotion through Aesthetic Expression
2:30 Noah Kim, International relations as a science and the role of ontology
2:45 Cameron More, Economics is Not a Science: The Metaphysical Assumptions of Neoclassical and Marginalist Theory
3:00 Jieming Yu, Conceptual Revision and the Change in the Concept of Gene

Background Reading

Readings on Gibson, Affordances, Dispositions

Student Learning Outcomes

Program Outcomes/Competencies Instructional Method(s) Assessment Method(s)
The student will acquire a knowledge of the philosophy of both the natural and social sciences. Lectures and class discussions Review of reading matter and associated online content and participation in class discussions
The student will acquire experience in using the methods of philosophical argument, in formulating complex propositions on the interrelations between philosophy, science, and mathematics. Participation in practical experiments Review of results
The student will acquire experience in formulating ideas using powerful persuasive prose. Creation of documentation and youtube presentations Review of results

How to Write an Essay

Jordan Peterson's Essay Writing Guide
Steven Pinker, The Sense of Style, Penguin Books, 2014
Strunk and White, The Elements of Style
Harvard's guide to writing philosophy
Jim Pryor's guide to writing philosophy

Important Dates

Sep 7 - about now start to discuss by email the content of your essay or essays with Dr Smith
Sep 25 - submit proposed title and abstract
Oct 10 - submit a table of contents and 300 word summary plus draft of associated ppt slides
Oct 20 - submit first draft of essay (~1000 words) and associated powerpoint (~10 slides)
Nov 15 - submit second draft of essay (~2000 words) and associated powerpoint (~10 slides)
Nov 21 - class presentation
Dec 11 - submit final version of essay and powerpoint and upload final version of video to youtube

Grading

Grading will be based on two factors:

I: understanding and criticism of the material presented in classes 1-13

All students are required to take an active part in class (and where relevant on-line) discussions throughout the semester.

II: preparation of an essay, and associated powerpoint slides and recorded presentation.

Content and structure of the essay should be discussed with Dr Smith.

Grading Policy: Grading follows standard Graduate School policies. Grades will be weighted according to the following breakdown:

Weighting Assignment

20% - class discussions
15% - youtube video presentation
15% - powerpoint slides
50% - essay

Final Grades

Percentages refer to sum of assignment grades as listed above

Grade Quality Percentage

A 4.0 90.0% -100.00%
A- 3.67 87.0% - 89.9%
B+ 3.33 84.0% - 86.9%
B 3.00 80.0% - 83.9%
B- 2.67 77.0% - 79.9%
C+ 2.33 74.0% - 76.9%
C 2.00 71.0% - 73.9%
C- 1.67 68.0% - 70.9%
D+ 1.33 65.0% - 67.9%
D 1.00 62.0% - 64.9%
F 0 61.9% or below

An interim grade of Incomplete (I) may be assigned if the student has not completed all requirements for the course. An interim grade of 'I' shall not be assigned to a student who did not attend the course. The default grade accompanying an interim grade of 'I' shall be 'U' and will be displayed on the UB record as 'IU.' The default Unsatisfactory (U) grade shall become the permanent course grade of record if the 'IU' is not changed through formal notice by the instructor upon the student's completion of the course.

Assignment of an interim 'IU' is at the discretion of the instructor. A grade of 'IU' can be assigned only if successful completion of unfulfilled course requirements can result in a final grade better than the default 'U' grade. The student should have a passing average in the requirements already completed. The instructor shall provide the student specification, in writing, of the requirements to be fulfilled.

The university’s Graduate Incomplete Policy can be found here.

Related Policies and Services

Academic integrity is a fundamental university value. Through the honest completion of academic work, students sustain the integrity of the university while facilitating the university's imperative for the transmission of knowledge and culture based upon the generation of new and innovative ideas. See http://grad.buffalo.edu/Academics/Policies-Procedures/Academic-Integrity.html.

Accessibility resources: If you have any disability which requires reasonable accommodations to enable you to participate in this course, please contact the Office of Accessibility Resources in 60 Capen Hall, 645-2608 and also the instructor of this course during the first week of class. The office will provide you with information and review appropriate arrangements for reasonable accommodations, which can be found on the web here.

University suppert services: Students are often unaware of university support services. For example, the Center for Excellence in Writing provides support for written work, and several tutoring centers on campus provide academic success support and resources.

Available resources on sexual assault: UB is committed to providing an environment free of all forms of discrimination and sexual harassment, including sexual assault, domestic and dating violence and stalking. If you have experienced gender-based violence (intimate partner violence, attempted or completed sexual assault, harassment, coercion, stalking, etc.), UB has resources to help. This includes academic accommodations, health and counseling services, housing accommodations, helping with legal protective orders, and assistance with reporting the incident to police or other UB officials if you so choose. Please contact UB’s Title IX Coordinator at 716-645-2266 for more information. For confidential assistance, you may also contact a Crisis Services Campus Advocate at 716-796-4399.

Counseiling services: As a student you may experience a range of issues that can cause barriers to learning or reduce your ability to participate in daily activities. These might include strained relationships, anxiety, high levels of stress, alcohol/drug problems, feeling down, health concerns, or unwanted sexual experiences. Counseling, Health Services, and Health Promotion are here to help with these or other concerns. You learn can more about these programs and services by contacting:

Counseling Services: 120 Richmond Quad (North Campus), phone 716-645-2720
Health Services: Michael Hall (South Campus), phone: 716-829-3316
Health Promotion: 114 Student Union (North Campus), phone: 716- 645-2837
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